O Sistema de proteção aos refugiados no Reino Unido:
uma análise contemporânea
Palabras clave:
Refugiados, Reino Unido, Politicas PúblicasResumen
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as políticas públicas realizadas pelo governo britânico em matéria de refúgio desde o início da década até o presente momento contextualizado pelas negociações do Brexit. Neste estudo serão averiguadas as medidas tomadas pelo Reino Unido no que tange aos direitos e a inserção dos refugiados no país, visando investigar se o governo cumpre com o que é determinado pelos tratados dos quais é signatário. Para isso, será explorada a legislação disponível no assunto, além da análise dos discursos dos atores políticos envolvidos na matéria e dos dados referentes à realidade dos refugiados no país.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Citas
ACNUR. Quem ajudamos: Refugiados. [S.l.]: UNHCR-ACNUR, 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.acnur.org/portugues/quem-ajudamos/refugiados/>. Acesso em: 10 abr. 2018.
ALLSOPP, Jennifer; SIGONA, Nando; PHILLIMORE, Jenny. Poverty among refugees and asylum seekers in the UK. An evidence and policy review. IRiS Working Paper Series, Birmingham, n.1, 2014. Disponível em: <https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-social-sciences/social-policy/iris/2014/working-paper-series/IRiS-WP-1-2014.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3UHSMpfU9-Su2ZTQ3qS2msdusTtqXxd3HmbzigTzRQGP3-5N7aEx_Vtfo>. Acesso em: 11 nov. 2018.
BARRETO, Luiz Paulo Teles F. Das diferenças entre os institutos jurídicos do Asilo e do Refúgio. Instituto Migrações e Direitos Humanos, Brasília, nov. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.migrante.org.br/migrante/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=133:das-diferencas-entre-os-institutos-juridicos-do-asilo-e-do-refugio&catid=87&Itemid=1203%3E>. Acesso em: 04 out. 2018.
BLINDER, Scott. Migration to the UK: Asylum. The Migration Observatory, Oxford, 26 Oct. 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Briefing-Asylum17.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
BOCCATO, Angelo. What to expect from asylum policies in the UK. Open Migration, [S.l.], 26 jun. 2017. Disponível em: <http://openmigration.org/en/analyses/what-to-expect-now-from-asylum-policies-in-the-uk/>. Acesso em: 15 mai. 2018.
CHARLEAUX, João Paulo. Quantos refugiados existem no mundo. De onde vêm e para onde eles vão. Laboratório de demografia e estudos populacionais, Juiz de Fora, 17 fev. 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.ufjf.br/ladem/2017/02/17/quantos-refugiados-existem-no-mundo-de-onde-vem-e-para-onde-eles-vao/>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2018.
DEL’OLMO, Florisbal de Souza. Asilo diplomático e refúgio: especificidades, semelhanças e um breve estudo de casos. [S.l.], [2014?]. Disponível em: <http://www.publicadireito.com.br/artigos/?cod=9831384e2ed3938f>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2018.
EUROPEAN COMISSION. European Solidarity: A Refugee Relocation System. [S.l.], [2015?]. Disponível em: <https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-information/docs/2_eu_solidarity_a_refugee_relocation_system_en.pdf>. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2018.
FOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH OFFICE. UK Non-Humanitarian aid in response to the Syria Conflict. [S.l.], 2015. Disponível em: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/481277/Syria_UK_Non-Humanitarian_Support_-_Public_Document.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
GAUCI, Jean-Pierre. FAQ: Brexit and UK Refugee Law and Policy. British Institute of International and Comparative Law, London, 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.biicl.org/documents/1531_faq_-_brexit_and_uk_refugee_law_and_policy.pdf?showdocument=1>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
HARVEY, Colin. Refugees and Human Rights: The future of international protection in the UK. Law Centre (NI) Refugee Week Lecture, Belfast, 19 Jun. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.lawcentreni.org/Publications/Refugees-and-Human-Rights-Colin-Harvey-lecture-2015.pdf>. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2018.
HARVEY, Colin. Seeking Asylum in the UK. Problems and Prospects. London: Butterworths, 2000. Disponível em: <https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MQQP9ykuqxwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=public%20policy%20refugees%20uk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjmwt6S6MDeAhXGTcAKHaFvBL0Q6AEIPTAD&fbclid=IwAR29CFC94ROjxyIh4Rl6eGQ9gbCYB8u_ktn7w_MLqPWxjWm3Uvn1eg9taUU#v=onepage&q&f=false>. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2018.
HILL, Amelia. UK’s asylum dispersal system close to “catastrophic failure”. The Guardian, [S.l.], 6 Sept. 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/06/uk-asylum-dispersal-system-failure-letter-council-leaders>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. About us. United Kingdom, [2018?]a. Disponível em: <https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about?fbclid=IwAR30aqBuOHk23cfXChT38ly0ZelraHieo2tMdQ9I5u2hFQCzt45Ya26km70>. Acesso em: 11 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Claim Asylum in the UK. United Kingdom, [2018?]b. Disponível em: <https://www.gov.uk/claim-asylum/decision>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Dublin III Regulation. United Kingdom, 2017a. Disponível em: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/656666/dublin-III-regulation-v1_0.pdf?fbclid=IwAR15r5mljUPfDKzpKZ5qXi1OpArE8qs_YKLZ4bdkauo3CZIaKLidQzdpPsE>. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Immigration Rules Archive: 28 August 2018 to 31 October 2018. [S.l.], 2018a. Disponível em: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/754111/Immigration_Rules_-_Archive_28-08-2018.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Integration loans policy guidance. United Kingdom, 2015. Disponível em: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/410929/Updated_loan_guidance_2015_v1_8.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Refugee Leave. United Kingdom, 2017b. Disponível em: <http://www.statewatch.org/news/2017/mar/uk-home-office-refugee-settlement-limits-policy-3-17.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
IMMIGRATION AND ASYLUM ACT 1999. [S.l.]: United Kingdom Govern, 1999. Disponível em: <https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/33/section/94>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
LYONS, Kate. Britain is one of worst places in western Europe for asylum seekers. The Guardian, Hamburg, 1 Mar. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/01/britain-one-of-worst-places-western-europe-asylum-seekers>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
MAY, Bulman. More than 8.000 Syrian Refugees come to UK under plans to resettle 20.000 by 2020. 2017. Independent, [S.l.], 9 Nov. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/syrian-refugees-uk-immigrants-resettlement-scheme-2020-numbers-a8044696.html>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
MAZZUOLI, V. Curso de Direito Internacional Público. Barra Funda: Editora Revista dos Tribunais Ltda. Ed. 4. 2010. Disponível em: <http://noosfero.ucsal.br/articles/0010/4219/mazzuoli-curso-de-direito-internacional-publico-1-120.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
MCINTYRE, Nyamn. Government keeps asylum seekers “below subsistence levels” on a £5 a day. Independent, [S.l.], 19 Mar. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/government-support-asylum-seekers-home-office-amber-rudd-section-95-immigration-refugees-poverty-a7637801.html>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
MIGRANT OBSERVATORY. Migrants in the UK: An overview, 2018. Disponível em: < https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/migrants-in-the-uk-an-overview/>. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2018.
NAÇÕES UNIDAS. Convenção Relativa ao Estatuto dos Refugiados. Genebra: ACNUR, 1951. Disponível em: <http://www.acnur.org/t3/fileadmin/Documentos/portugues/BDL/Convencao_relativa_ao_Estatuto_dos_Refugiados.pdf?view=1>. Acesso em: 10 abr. 2018.
NARDELLI, Alberto; ARNETT, George. How does UK refugee commitment compare with other countries? The Guardian, [S.l.], 08 Sept. 2015. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2015/sep/08/uk-refugee-plan-comparison-european-countries>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
O QUE é ‘Brexit’ – e como pode afetar o Reino Unido e a União Europeia? BBC Brasil, [S.l.], 17 jun. 2016. Disponível em: <https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-36555376> Acesso em: 11 nov. 2018.
PHILIPS, N.; HARDY, C. Managing multiple identities: Discourse, legitimacy and resources in the UK refugee system. Montreal: McGill University, 1997.
PRESS ASSOCIATION. UK is failing to take “fair share” of Syrian refugees, says Oxfam. The Guardian, [S.l.], 29 Mar. 2016. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/mar/29/uk-is-failing-to-take-fair-share-of-syrian-refugees-says-oxfam>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
REFUGEE COUNCIL. Asylum statistics Annual Trends February 2018. London: Refugee Council, 2018a. Disponível em: <https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/assets/0004/2566/Asylum_Statistics_Annual_Trends_Feb_2018.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
REFUGEE COUNCIL. Asylum statistics Annual Trends May 2013. London: Refugee Council, 2013. Disponível em: <https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/assets/0002/7887/Asylum_Statistics_May_2013.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
REFUGEE COUNCIL. The facts about asylum. London: Refugee Council, 2018b. Disponível em: <https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/policy_research/the_truth_about_asylum/facts_about_asylum_-_page_5>. Acesso em: 10 abr. 2018.
REFUGEE COUNCIL. Top facts about refugees and people seeking asylum. London: Refugee Council, 2018c. Disponível em: <https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/topfacts>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
TRAVIS, Alan. On Asylum and refugees, Britain left Europe years ago. The Guardian, [S.l.], 1 Mar. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/01/how-britain-hard-stance-refugees-reshaping-european-policy>. Acesso em: 15 mai. 2018.
ALLSOPP, Jennifer; SIGONA, Nando; PHILLIMORE, Jenny. Poverty among refugees and asylum seekers in the UK. An evidence and policy review. IRiS Working Paper Series, Birmingham, n.1, 2014. Disponível em: <https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-social-sciences/social-policy/iris/2014/working-paper-series/IRiS-WP-1-2014.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3UHSMpfU9-Su2ZTQ3qS2msdusTtqXxd3HmbzigTzRQGP3-5N7aEx_Vtfo>. Acesso em: 11 nov. 2018.
BARRETO, Luiz Paulo Teles F. Das diferenças entre os institutos jurídicos do Asilo e do Refúgio. Instituto Migrações e Direitos Humanos, Brasília, nov. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.migrante.org.br/migrante/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=133:das-diferencas-entre-os-institutos-juridicos-do-asilo-e-do-refugio&catid=87&Itemid=1203%3E>. Acesso em: 04 out. 2018.
BLINDER, Scott. Migration to the UK: Asylum. The Migration Observatory, Oxford, 26 Oct. 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Briefing-Asylum17.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
BOCCATO, Angelo. What to expect from asylum policies in the UK. Open Migration, [S.l.], 26 jun. 2017. Disponível em: <http://openmigration.org/en/analyses/what-to-expect-now-from-asylum-policies-in-the-uk/>. Acesso em: 15 mai. 2018.
CHARLEAUX, João Paulo. Quantos refugiados existem no mundo. De onde vêm e para onde eles vão. Laboratório de demografia e estudos populacionais, Juiz de Fora, 17 fev. 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.ufjf.br/ladem/2017/02/17/quantos-refugiados-existem-no-mundo-de-onde-vem-e-para-onde-eles-vao/>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2018.
DEL’OLMO, Florisbal de Souza. Asilo diplomático e refúgio: especificidades, semelhanças e um breve estudo de casos. [S.l.], [2014?]. Disponível em: <http://www.publicadireito.com.br/artigos/?cod=9831384e2ed3938f>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2018.
EUROPEAN COMISSION. European Solidarity: A Refugee Relocation System. [S.l.], [2015?]. Disponível em: <https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-information/docs/2_eu_solidarity_a_refugee_relocation_system_en.pdf>. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2018.
FOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH OFFICE. UK Non-Humanitarian aid in response to the Syria Conflict. [S.l.], 2015. Disponível em: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/481277/Syria_UK_Non-Humanitarian_Support_-_Public_Document.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
GAUCI, Jean-Pierre. FAQ: Brexit and UK Refugee Law and Policy. British Institute of International and Comparative Law, London, 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.biicl.org/documents/1531_faq_-_brexit_and_uk_refugee_law_and_policy.pdf?showdocument=1>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
HARVEY, Colin. Refugees and Human Rights: The future of international protection in the UK. Law Centre (NI) Refugee Week Lecture, Belfast, 19 Jun. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.lawcentreni.org/Publications/Refugees-and-Human-Rights-Colin-Harvey-lecture-2015.pdf>. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2018.
HARVEY, Colin. Seeking Asylum in the UK. Problems and Prospects. London: Butterworths, 2000. Disponível em: <https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MQQP9ykuqxwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=public%20policy%20refugees%20uk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjmwt6S6MDeAhXGTcAKHaFvBL0Q6AEIPTAD&fbclid=IwAR29CFC94ROjxyIh4Rl6eGQ9gbCYB8u_ktn7w_MLqPWxjWm3Uvn1eg9taUU#v=onepage&q&f=false>. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2018.
HILL, Amelia. UK’s asylum dispersal system close to “catastrophic failure”. The Guardian, [S.l.], 6 Sept. 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/06/uk-asylum-dispersal-system-failure-letter-council-leaders>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. About us. United Kingdom, [2018?]a. Disponível em: <https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about?fbclid=IwAR30aqBuOHk23cfXChT38ly0ZelraHieo2tMdQ9I5u2hFQCzt45Ya26km70>. Acesso em: 11 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Claim Asylum in the UK. United Kingdom, [2018?]b. Disponível em: <https://www.gov.uk/claim-asylum/decision>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Dublin III Regulation. United Kingdom, 2017a. Disponível em: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/656666/dublin-III-regulation-v1_0.pdf?fbclid=IwAR15r5mljUPfDKzpKZ5qXi1OpArE8qs_YKLZ4bdkauo3CZIaKLidQzdpPsE>. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Immigration Rules Archive: 28 August 2018 to 31 October 2018. [S.l.], 2018a. Disponível em: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/754111/Immigration_Rules_-_Archive_28-08-2018.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Integration loans policy guidance. United Kingdom, 2015. Disponível em: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/410929/Updated_loan_guidance_2015_v1_8.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
HOME OFFICE. Refugee Leave. United Kingdom, 2017b. Disponível em: <http://www.statewatch.org/news/2017/mar/uk-home-office-refugee-settlement-limits-policy-3-17.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
IMMIGRATION AND ASYLUM ACT 1999. [S.l.]: United Kingdom Govern, 1999. Disponível em: <https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/33/section/94>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
LYONS, Kate. Britain is one of worst places in western Europe for asylum seekers. The Guardian, Hamburg, 1 Mar. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/01/britain-one-of-worst-places-western-europe-asylum-seekers>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
MAY, Bulman. More than 8.000 Syrian Refugees come to UK under plans to resettle 20.000 by 2020. 2017. Independent, [S.l.], 9 Nov. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/syrian-refugees-uk-immigrants-resettlement-scheme-2020-numbers-a8044696.html>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
MAZZUOLI, V. Curso de Direito Internacional Público. Barra Funda: Editora Revista dos Tribunais Ltda. Ed. 4. 2010. Disponível em: <http://noosfero.ucsal.br/articles/0010/4219/mazzuoli-curso-de-direito-internacional-publico-1-120.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
MCINTYRE, Nyamn. Government keeps asylum seekers “below subsistence levels” on a £5 a day. Independent, [S.l.], 19 Mar. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/government-support-asylum-seekers-home-office-amber-rudd-section-95-immigration-refugees-poverty-a7637801.html>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
MIGRANT OBSERVATORY. Migrants in the UK: An overview, 2018. Disponível em: < https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/migrants-in-the-uk-an-overview/>. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2018.
NAÇÕES UNIDAS. Convenção Relativa ao Estatuto dos Refugiados. Genebra: ACNUR, 1951. Disponível em: <http://www.acnur.org/t3/fileadmin/Documentos/portugues/BDL/Convencao_relativa_ao_Estatuto_dos_Refugiados.pdf?view=1>. Acesso em: 10 abr. 2018.
NARDELLI, Alberto; ARNETT, George. How does UK refugee commitment compare with other countries? The Guardian, [S.l.], 08 Sept. 2015. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2015/sep/08/uk-refugee-plan-comparison-european-countries>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
O QUE é ‘Brexit’ – e como pode afetar o Reino Unido e a União Europeia? BBC Brasil, [S.l.], 17 jun. 2016. Disponível em: <https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-36555376> Acesso em: 11 nov. 2018.
PHILIPS, N.; HARDY, C. Managing multiple identities: Discourse, legitimacy and resources in the UK refugee system. Montreal: McGill University, 1997.
PRESS ASSOCIATION. UK is failing to take “fair share” of Syrian refugees, says Oxfam. The Guardian, [S.l.], 29 Mar. 2016. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/mar/29/uk-is-failing-to-take-fair-share-of-syrian-refugees-says-oxfam>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
REFUGEE COUNCIL. Asylum statistics Annual Trends February 2018. London: Refugee Council, 2018a. Disponível em: <https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/assets/0004/2566/Asylum_Statistics_Annual_Trends_Feb_2018.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
REFUGEE COUNCIL. Asylum statistics Annual Trends May 2013. London: Refugee Council, 2013. Disponível em: <https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/assets/0002/7887/Asylum_Statistics_May_2013.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2018.
REFUGEE COUNCIL. The facts about asylum. London: Refugee Council, 2018b. Disponível em: <https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/policy_research/the_truth_about_asylum/facts_about_asylum_-_page_5>. Acesso em: 10 abr. 2018.
REFUGEE COUNCIL. Top facts about refugees and people seeking asylum. London: Refugee Council, 2018c. Disponível em: <https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/topfacts>. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2018.
TRAVIS, Alan. On Asylum and refugees, Britain left Europe years ago. The Guardian, [S.l.], 1 Mar. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/01/how-britain-hard-stance-refugees-reshaping-european-policy>. Acesso em: 15 mai. 2018.
Descargas
Publicado
2020-06-30
Cómo citar
FARIA, Isabela Rocha; PEREIRA JUNIOR, Dorival Guimarães. O Sistema de proteção aos refugiados no Reino Unido:: uma análise contemporânea. Cadernos Eletrônicos Direito Internacional sem Fronteiras, [S. l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. e20200107, 2020. Disponível em: https://cadernoseletronicosdisf.com.br/cedisf/article/view/72. Acesso em: 10 abr. 2025.
Número
Sección
Artículos de Flujo Continuo
Licencia
Copyright (c) 2020 Cadernos Eletrônicos Direito Internacional sem Fronteiras.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
