O Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda e a Sistematização dos Crimes de Gênero no Direito Internacional Penal
Resumen
O presente trabalho possui como objeto de estudo Tribunal Penal para Ruanda na interpretação pluralista do Direito Internacional a respeito do decurso da jurisdição dos Tribunais Internacionais, diante das transformações normativas processuais e teóricas. Desse modo, o objetivo da pesquisa é examinar o papel do Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda no ordenamento jurídico internacional para a sistematização dos crimes de gênero no Direito Penal Internacional. Adotou-se o método dedutivo fundamentado em analises bibliográficas interdisciplinares de relações internacionais e direito.
Citas
ADAMS, Alexandra. The Legacy of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and Their Contribution to the Crime of Rape. The European Journal of International Law, Oxford University Press on behalf of EJIL Ltd, v. 29, n. 3, p. 749-769, 2018. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
BENITO, Elizabeth Odio. La perspectiva y el mandato de género en el Estatuto de Roma. Revista IIDH, San José, v. 59, p. 245-270, 2018. PDF.
BHAVNANI, Ravi; BACKER, David. Localized Ethnic Conflict and Genocide: Accounting for Differences in Rwanda and Burundi. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, USA, v. 44, ed. 3, p. 283-306, 2000. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
BOOT, Machteld. The Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda. In: BOOT, Machteld. Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes: nullum crimen sine lege and the subject matter jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. Cambridge: Antwerpen: Intersentia, 2002. v. 12, cap. 4, p. 223-308.
CASSESE, Antonio. International Law. Oxford: Oxford, 2001.
CHAPPELL, Louise. Women, Gender and International Institutions: Exploring New Opportunities at the International Criminal Court. Policy and Society, Cambridge, v. 22, n. 1, p. 3-25, 2003. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
COPELON, Rhonda. Gender Crimes as War Crimes: Integrating Crimes against Women into International Criminal Law. In.: Hate, Genocide and Human Rights Fifty Years Later: What Have We Learned? What Must We Do?. McGill Law Journal:, Canada, v. 46, p. 217-240, 2000. Disponível em:
D’AOUST, Marie-Alice. Sexual and Gender-based Violence in International Criminal Law: A Feminist Assessment of the Bemba Case. International Criminal Law Review, BRILL, p. 1-14, 2016. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
FORGES, Alison Des. “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda. USA: Human Rights Watch, March 1999. Disponível em:
HERIK, Larissa Van Den. The Contribution of the Rwanda Tribunal to the Development of International Law. 53. ed. Holanda: Brill Nijhoff, 2005.
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/AFRICA et al. SHATTERED LIVES: Sexual Violence during the Rwandan Genocide and its Aftermath. USA: Human Rights Watch, September 1996. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
IRFAN, Mohammad. GENDER: INTEGRATING CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN INTO INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW. Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum , Indonesia, v. V, n. 1, p. 104-115, April - Agustus 2018. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
KOOMEN, Jonneke. Without These Women, the Tribunal Cannot Do Anything”: The Politics of Witness Testimony on Sexual Violence at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, The University of Chicago, v. 38, ed. 2, p. 253-277, 2013. PDF.
MARTÍN, Magdalena M.; LIROLA, Isabel. Los Crímenes de Naturaleza Sexual en el Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Barcelona: Institut Català Internacional per la Pau, 2001.
METTRAUX, Guénaël. International Crimes: Law and Practice. Oxford: Oxford, 2005. v. II: Crimes Against Humanity.
MUNDIS, Daryl A. The Judicial Effects of the "Completion Strategies" on the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals. The American Journal of International Law, Cambridge, v. 99, ed. 1, p. 142-158, jan. 2005. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 19 jan. 2022.
NOLLKAEMPER, Andre. The legitimacy of international law in the case law of the international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. In: VAN VANDAMME, T.A.J.A; REESTMAN, J.H. Ambiguity in the Rule of Law. The interface between national and international legal systems. USA: Groningen: Europa Law Publishing, 2001. p. 13-23.
OOSTERVELD, Valerie. Gender-Sensitive Justice and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: Lessons Learned for the International Criminal Court. NEW ENG. J. INT’L & COMP. LAW, Western University, v. 12, n. 1, p. 119-133, 2005. PDF.
OOSTERVELD, Valerie. The Legacy of the ICTY and ICTR on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. Part II - Normative and Operational Legacy of the Yugoslavia and Rwanda Tribunals, Cambridge University Press, p. 197 - 220, 14 March 2019. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
PASSOS, Kenya Regyna Mesquita; LOSURDO, Federico. Estupro de guerra: o sentido da violação dos corpos para o Direito Penal Internacional. Revista de Gênero, Sexualidade e Direito, Maranhão, v. 3, ed. 2, p. 153–169, Jul/Dez 2017. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 19 jan. 2022.
PHELPS; Andrea R.. Gender-Based War Crimes: Incidence and Effectiveness of International
Criminal Prosecution, 12 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 499 (2006). Disponível em:. Acesso em: 19 jan. 2022.
PRUNIER, Gérard. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. Columbia: Columbia University Press, 1997.
SCHABAS, William A. Hate Speech in Rwanda: The Road to Genocide. In: CAMPBELL, Tom; LATTIMER, Mark. Genocide and Human Rights. London: Routledge, 2007. p. 231-236. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351157568. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
SHAW, Malcolm N. Direito internacional. 1. Ed, tradução, Brasil: Martins Fontes, 2010.
TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto. Los Tribunales Internacionales Contemporáneos y la Humanización del Derecho Internacional, Buenos Aires, Ed. Ad-Hoc, 2013.
VAN SCHAAK, Beth. Obstacles on the Road to Gender Justice: The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda as Object Lesson. American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, Washington, v. 17, n. 2, p. 363-402, 2009. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
BENITO, Elizabeth Odio. La perspectiva y el mandato de género en el Estatuto de Roma. Revista IIDH, San José, v. 59, p. 245-270, 2018. PDF.
BHAVNANI, Ravi; BACKER, David. Localized Ethnic Conflict and Genocide: Accounting for Differences in Rwanda and Burundi. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, USA, v. 44, ed. 3, p. 283-306, 2000. Disponível em:
BOOT, Machteld. The Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda. In: BOOT, Machteld. Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes: nullum crimen sine lege and the subject matter jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. Cambridge: Antwerpen: Intersentia, 2002. v. 12, cap. 4, p. 223-308.
CASSESE, Antonio. International Law. Oxford: Oxford, 2001.
CHAPPELL, Louise. Women, Gender and International Institutions: Exploring New Opportunities at the International Criminal Court. Policy and Society, Cambridge, v. 22, n. 1, p. 3-25, 2003. Disponível em:
COPELON, Rhonda. Gender Crimes as War Crimes: Integrating Crimes against Women into International Criminal Law. In.: Hate, Genocide and Human Rights Fifty Years Later: What Have We Learned? What Must We Do?. McGill Law Journal:, Canada, v. 46, p. 217-240, 2000. Disponível em:
D’AOUST, Marie-Alice. Sexual and Gender-based Violence in International Criminal Law: A Feminist Assessment of the Bemba Case. International Criminal Law Review, BRILL, p. 1-14, 2016. Disponível em:
FORGES, Alison Des. “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda. USA: Human Rights Watch, March 1999. Disponível em:
HERIK, Larissa Van Den. The Contribution of the Rwanda Tribunal to the Development of International Law. 53. ed. Holanda: Brill Nijhoff, 2005.
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/AFRICA et al. SHATTERED LIVES: Sexual Violence during the Rwandan Genocide and its Aftermath. USA: Human Rights Watch, September 1996. Disponível em:
IRFAN, Mohammad. GENDER: INTEGRATING CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN INTO INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW. Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum , Indonesia, v. V, n. 1, p. 104-115, April - Agustus 2018. Disponível em:
KOOMEN, Jonneke. Without These Women, the Tribunal Cannot Do Anything”: The Politics of Witness Testimony on Sexual Violence at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, The University of Chicago, v. 38, ed. 2, p. 253-277, 2013. PDF.
MARTÍN, Magdalena M.; LIROLA, Isabel. Los Crímenes de Naturaleza Sexual en el Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Barcelona: Institut Català Internacional per la Pau, 2001.
METTRAUX, Guénaël. International Crimes: Law and Practice. Oxford: Oxford, 2005. v. II: Crimes Against Humanity.
MUNDIS, Daryl A. The Judicial Effects of the "Completion Strategies" on the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals. The American Journal of International Law, Cambridge, v. 99, ed. 1, p. 142-158, jan. 2005. Disponível em:
NOLLKAEMPER, Andre. The legitimacy of international law in the case law of the international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. In: VAN VANDAMME, T.A.J.A; REESTMAN, J.H. Ambiguity in the Rule of Law. The interface between national and international legal systems. USA: Groningen: Europa Law Publishing, 2001. p. 13-23.
OOSTERVELD, Valerie. Gender-Sensitive Justice and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: Lessons Learned for the International Criminal Court. NEW ENG. J. INT’L & COMP. LAW, Western University, v. 12, n. 1, p. 119-133, 2005. PDF.
OOSTERVELD, Valerie. The Legacy of the ICTY and ICTR on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. Part II - Normative and Operational Legacy of the Yugoslavia and Rwanda Tribunals, Cambridge University Press, p. 197 - 220, 14 March 2019. Disponível em:
PASSOS, Kenya Regyna Mesquita; LOSURDO, Federico. Estupro de guerra: o sentido da violação dos corpos para o Direito Penal Internacional. Revista de Gênero, Sexualidade e Direito, Maranhão, v. 3, ed. 2, p. 153–169, Jul/Dez 2017. Disponível em:
PHELPS; Andrea R.. Gender-Based War Crimes: Incidence and Effectiveness of International
Criminal Prosecution, 12 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 499 (2006). Disponível em:
PRUNIER, Gérard. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. Columbia: Columbia University Press, 1997.
SCHABAS, William A. Hate Speech in Rwanda: The Road to Genocide. In: CAMPBELL, Tom; LATTIMER, Mark. Genocide and Human Rights. London: Routledge, 2007. p. 231-236. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351157568. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2022.
SHAW, Malcolm N. Direito internacional. 1. Ed, tradução, Brasil: Martins Fontes, 2010.
TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto. Los Tribunales Internacionales Contemporáneos y la Humanización del Derecho Internacional, Buenos Aires, Ed. Ad-Hoc, 2013.
VAN SCHAAK, Beth. Obstacles on the Road to Gender Justice: The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda as Object Lesson. American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, Washington, v. 17, n. 2, p. 363-402, 2009. Disponível em:
Publicado
2022-10-05
Cómo citar
SANTOS, C. V. R. DOS; RABELO , F. S. O Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda e a Sistematização dos Crimes de Gênero no Direito Internacional Penal. Cadernos Eletrônicos Direito Internacional sem Fronteiras, v. 4, n. 1, p. e20220110, 5 oct. 2022.
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